TOEFL writing essay

Time
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When you are explaining the sequence of events, you may want to use these expressions
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Before--------------- next --------------then ------------------------often
after---------------- during -----------always----------------------- sometimes
since-------------- at the same time----- while ----------------------meanwhile
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Degree

When you are explaing why one thing is more or less important than another thing, you maywant to use these expressions.
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most important --------------------first------------------ primarily -------------essentially
less important --------------------second --------------secondary --------------principally
lasically---------------------- subordinate------------------- lesser------------------- chiefly
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Comparison and Contrast

When you are explaing how two or more things are similar or how they are different, you may want to use these expressions
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To compare
similar to---------------- similarly ---------------like, alike-------------------- either/or
cossespondingly ---------resemble ------------almost the same as -------at the same time as
as --just as ---in a like manner ----in the same way
common in----- than --------also---------- neither/nor
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To contrast
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differ from----------- however--------------otherwise------------ still
nevertheless -------------even do--------------- different form --------less than
more than------------ unlike --------------in contrast to------------- on the other hand
although------------ while yet --------------but------------------------- instead
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Cause and Effect
If you are explaing what something is by giving an example or if you are restating something for emphasis, you may want to use these expressions.
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in other words------- to clarify------ to explain--------- to parapharase
as -------like ---------that is--------------- for example
such as-------- for instance----------- to illustrate------------- namely
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Explanation
Addition --------besides----------- furthermore --------------as well as
moreover--------- similarly ---------also --------------what's more